Memory-First Fact-Checking: A Knowledge-Graph-Grounded Multi-Agent System for Misinformation Detection
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Computer Science > Computation and Language
arXiv:2608.29617 (cs)
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[Submitted on 30 Aug 2026]
Title:Memory-First Fact-Checking: A Knowledge-Graph-Grounded Multi-Agent System for Misinformation Detection
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Abstract:This paper introduces a hybrid fact-checking framework that integrates Knowledge Graph-based semantic memory with adversarial multi-agent reasoning for explainable misinformation detection. The proposed system follows a memory-first, web-fallback architecture, in which input claims are initially evaluated against a dual-index Knowledge Graph through Sentence-BERT-based semantic retrieval and Natural Language Inference. When the evidence retrieved from the graph is insufficient to support a reliable decision, the framework collects information from trusted web sources and assesses it using an adversarial tribunal composed of support, contradiction, and judging agents. A graph-aware confidence mechanism combines semantic similarity, NLI confidence, and structural graph evidence to determine whether internal knowledge is sufficient, thereby reducing unnecessary web retrieval. Following verification, validated information is transformed into structured triples and incorporated into the Knowledge Graph, supporting the incremental expansion of the system's semantic memory. Experimental evaluation on a curated COVID-19 misinformation benchmark demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 97.4\% and a macro-averaged F1-score of 92.6% on resolved claims, outperforming a Llama~3.3~70B baseline, which obtains an accuracy of 87.7% and a macro-averaged F1-score of 86.3%.
| Subjects: | Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2608.29617 [cs.CL] |
| (or arXiv:2608.29617v1 [cs.CL] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.29617
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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View a PDF of the paper titled Memory-First Fact-Checking: A Knowledge-Graph-Grounded Multi-Agent System for Misinformation Detection, by Amelia Petrenciuc and 1 other authors
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