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SHERLOC: Structured Diagnostic Localization for Code Repair Agents

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2606.24820 (cs)
[Submitted on 23 Jun 2026]

Title:SHERLOC: Structured Diagnostic Localization for Code Repair Agents

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Abstract:LLM agents solve repository-level coding tasks through multi-turn tool use, but utilize half their budget on locating faults before editing. Dedicated localization frameworks have emerged, yet are still evaluated as file retrieval rather than actionable diagnosis, producing locations without the diagnostic context a repair agent needs. We introduce SHERLOC (Structured Hypothesis-driven Exploration and Reasoning for Localization), a training-free framework pairing a reasoning LLM with compact repository tools and self-recovery, without fine-tuning or multi-agent orchestration. SHERLOC reaches state-of-the-art localization across model scales: 84.33% accuracy@1 on SWE-Bench Lite and 81.27% recall@1 on SWE-Bench Verified; at ~30B parameters, it matches or outperforms other agentic methods. Injecting our locations and diagnostic findings into repair agents yields, on average, +5.95 pp resolve rate on SWE-Bench Verified while cutting localization and total tokens by 36.7% and 23.1%.
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Cite as: arXiv:2606.24820 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2606.24820v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.24820
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Hovhannes Tamoyan [view email]
[v1] Tue, 23 Jun 2026 17:05:50 UTC (1,023 KB)
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