Harness-of-Harness: Multi-Day Autonomous Software Development with Continual Improvement
Mirrored from Hugging Face Daily Papers for archival readability. Support the source by reading on the original site.
Harness-of-Harness: Multi-Day Autonomous Software Development with Continual Improvement
Abstract
Harness-of-Harness enables autonomous coding agents to iteratively improve software through structured planning-coding-testing loops, yielding substantial performance gains and fully developed applications.
This paper studies autonomous software development, in which LLM-based coding agents transform high-level requirements into complete, functional, and usable software systems without human intervention. We introduce Harness-of-Harness (HoH), a framework that enables coding agents to continually improve software during autonomous development. HoH operates on existing coding-agent harnesses, and organizes their executions into iterative planning-coding-testing loops. To sustain improvement across loops, HoH balances repair with capability growth, scopes development into small and verifiable increments, separates implementation-time testing from independent evaluation, and constrains verifiable outputs rather than prescribing agent workflows. It progressively exposes deliverables, role-specific tools, and skills, encourages reuse rather than recreation, and maintains versioned project histories. On GameCraft-Bench, FrontierSWE, and ProgramBench, three harness-model pairs (Codex with GPT-5.5, OpenCode with DeepSeek-V4-Pro, and Pi with MiniMax-M3), HoH consistently outperforms the corresponding standalone harnesses, achieving an average relative gain of 52.25 percent and a maximum gain of 82.86 percent after three iterations. In a multi-day deployment with more than 70 iterations, HoH autonomously develops a first-person-shooter game, featuring a coherent storyline, fully implemented core mechanics, human-playable experience, polished visuals and integrated audio. Github: https://github.com/Flesymeb/HarnessOfHarness Project Page: https://flesymeb.github.io/HarnessOfHarness/
Get this paper in your agent:
hf papers read 2609.01481 curl -LsSf https://hf.co/cli/install.sh | bash Models citing this paper
No model linking this paper
Datasets citing this paper
No dataset linking this paper
Spaces citing this paper
No Space linking this paper
Collections including this paper
No Collection including this paper
Discussion (0)
Sign in to join the discussion. Free account, 30 seconds — email code or GitHub.
Sign in →No comments yet. Sign in and be the first to say something.