arXiv — Machine Learning · · 3 min read

Mind the Refinement Gap: When Safe High-Level Robot Plans Produce Unsafe Executions

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2610.02662 (cs)
[Submitted on 2 Oct 2026]

Title:Mind the Refinement Gap: When Safe High-Level Robot Plans Produce Unsafe Executions

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Abstract:Language-enabled robot systems increasingly combine semantic-graph planning with temporal-logic safety monitors. We investigate a trace-completeness assumption in these systems: whether the high-level action sequence checked by a monitor represents the navigation and implicit action effects induced during execution. We audit this assumption in RoboGuard by comparing its verdict on a surface plan with its verdict on a graph-refined trace under the same Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) specification. Our evaluation comprises 28 controlled cases spanning five action-abstraction families and 14 end-to-end cases in which SPINE [1] generates plans from natural-language instructions while RoboGuard generates scene-grounded safety specifications. In the controlled evaluation, all 12 targeted abstraction cases exhibit the predicted surface-versus-refined discrepancy while all 16 controls behave as expected, motivating graph-based trace refinement as a lightweight mitigation and a diagnostic tool for physical-AI safety monitors.
Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Robotics (cs.RO)
Cite as: arXiv:2610.02662 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2610.02662v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.02662
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Stabak Das [view email]
[v1] Fri, 2 Oct 2026 01:31:57 UTC (18 KB)
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