Benchmarking Label-Revealed Online Updates for EEG BCI Decoding
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Computer Science > Machine Learning
Title:Benchmarking Label-Revealed Online Updates for EEG BCI Decoding
Abstract:Electroencephalography (EEG) signals drift over time, which can cause static brain-computer interface (BCI) models to degrade in practice. We present a benchmark for online adaptation and compare two widely used pipeline families, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) and Riemannian covariance-based methods, under time-ordered prequential (test-then-train) evaluation. We examine (i) which pipelines benefit most from label-revealed updates, (ii) whether controlled forgetting of older data improves robustness, and (iii) how a minimal-calibration cold start compares with starting from a pretrained model. Across four datasets (three motor-imagery datasets and one movement-decoding dataset), label-revealed online updates improve 13 of 14 model/dataset pairs on the two largest streams, with relative accuracy gains of up to about 18% over a frozen model. A Shapley-based data-valuation analysis over temporal blocks assigns the largest mean value to the most recent block in each of the three analyzed datasets, while older blocks retain positive value.
| Subjects: | Machine Learning (cs.LG); Signal Processing (eess.SP) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2610.07420 [cs.LG] |
| (or arXiv:2610.07420v1 [cs.LG] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.07420
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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