Patterns of Priming in Production: Lexical, Semantic and Structural Alignment in Language Model Generation
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Computer Science > Computation and Language
arXiv:2609.04484 (cs)
[Submitted on 3 Sep 2026]
Title:Patterns of Priming in Production: Lexical, Semantic and Structural Alignment in Language Model Generation
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Abstract:This paper investigates structural priming in language model (LM) production, examining how preceding structural context influences sentence completion. While prior work has demonstrated priming effects in comprehension of structural alternations, it remained unclear whether these persist in production, where, when generating, an LM samples from many possible continuations at each step. We address this question through a series of controlled sentence-completion experiments on dative constructions. In line with prior work, we find that LMs are susceptible to structural priming, particularly in sentences that are semantically coherent. In terms of priming magnitude, we find that while there is a greater relative increase of double-object datives against our baselines, in line with inverse frequency effects, there is a larger absolute increase in prepositional-objects, the more frequently produced construction. Finally, we not only observe that structural priming is boosted by lexico-semantic coherence, but that structurally primed completions display greater levels of lexico-semantic repetition. Taken together, our evidence supports the view that structural priming in LMs operates across multiple levels of linguistic representation, facilitating, and facilitated by syntactic, lexical, and semantic alignment. Code: this https URL.
| Comments: | EMNLP 2026 Findings |
| Subjects: | Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2609.04484 [cs.CL] |
| (or arXiv:2609.04484v1 [cs.CL] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.04484
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
|
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View a PDF of the paper titled Patterns of Priming in Production: Lexical, Semantic and Structural Alignment in Language Model Generation, by Giulia Pucci and 2 other authors
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