ELMZip: Onboard Satellite Image Compression via Extreme Learning Machines for Efficient Downlink
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Computer Science > Machine Learning
arXiv:2608.06942 (cs)
[Submitted on 7 Aug 2026]
Title:ELMZip: Onboard Satellite Image Compression via Extreme Learning Machines for Efficient Downlink
Authors:Woojin Cho, Junghwan Park, Sangcheol Sim, Steve Andreas Immanuel, Junhyuk Heo, Darongsae Kwon
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Abstract:The acquisition of multispectral imagery via small satellites (e.g., CubeSats) presents significant data downlink challenges due to high data volumes and restricted communication windows. While onboard image compression is critical to address this bottleneck, traditional methods often struggle to adapt to the nonlinear statistics of multi-band, multi-resolution data. To overcome these limitations, we propose ELMZip, a novel framework based on Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) and domain decomposition strategies for efficient, resolution-free onboard neural representation. ELMZip formulates the fitting process as a convex least-squares problem using random-feature single-layer networks, thereby eliminating the need for computationally expensive backpropagation. By adopting an asymmetric transmission protocol that sends only the compact output weights, the proposed method significantly reduces the downlink payload. Unlike previous neural representation approaches that rely on iterative optimization and require transmitting full network parameters, ELMZip achieves significant compression efficiency while maintaining high reconstruction fidelity. This capability enables immediate image reconstruction for analysis, allowing resource-constrained platforms to maximize data return and advancing real-time AI-powered Earth observation.
| Subjects: | Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2608.06942 [cs.LG] |
| (or arXiv:2608.06942v1 [cs.LG] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.06942
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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View a PDF of the paper titled ELMZip: Onboard Satellite Image Compression via Extreme Learning Machines for Efficient Downlink, by Woojin Cho and 5 other authors
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