Title:HARP: Hierarchical Adaptive Ranking with Preference-Adaptive Fusion for Query-Based CVE Prioritization

Abstract:Vulnerability prioritization is inherently preference dependent, since the same CVE can receive different remediation priority under different operational preference scenarios. Existing scoring systems and ranking methods typically assume a fixed criterion. In practice, organizations already operate under a preference scenario, but this preference is often implicit and difficult to express as a written prompt instruction, while triage queries usually do not encode it. Past validated triage cases under the current scenario are more readily available. We study query-based CVE prioritization in this setting and propose HARP, a graph-grounded multi-view framework that ranks candidates from a natural-language query together with a support bank of historical labeled examples from the current preference scenario, without requiring an explicit textual summary of that scenario. HARP retrieves evidence from a vulnerability knowledge graph, scores candidates with policy-conditioned global, enterprise, and user views, and fits view-fusion weights from sampled supports. Experiments across three preference scenarios and multiple backbone LLMs show that HARP outperforms multiple baselines, expressing our method's effectiveness.

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