arXiv — Machine Learning · · 3 min read

Counterfactual Online Conformal Prediction Under Adaptive Logging

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2609.30811 (cs)
[Submitted on 25 Sep 2026]

Title:Counterfactual Online Conformal Prediction Under Adaptive Logging

View a PDF of the paper titled Counterfactual Online Conformal Prediction Under Adaptive Logging, by Xinyu Qiao and 4 other authors
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Abstract:Online conformal prediction can fail when predictions shape actions and actions determine which outcomes enter calibration. Standard adaptive methods may retain marginal coverage while systematically miscovering the counterfactual outcomes of rarely selected actions. This paper formalizes the failure through counterfactual coverage and introduces Propensity-Weighted Online Conformal Prediction, an inverse-propensity-weighted recursion that debiases calibration. A doubly robust variant further reduces nuisance bias to the product of outcome-model and propensity errors. Under positivity, the resulting coverage rate matches an information-theoretic lower bound up to logarithmic factors. Experiments on synthetic decision tasks, open bandit data, and financial rebalancing show that PW-OCP and DR-OCP improve counterfactual coverage and downstream regret without sacrificing prediction-set sharpness.
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Cite as: arXiv:2609.30811 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2609.30811v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.30811
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Xinyu Qiao [view email]
[v1] Fri, 25 Sep 2026 04:43:37 UTC (576 KB)
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