Beyond the pale: Assessing prevalence and contents of extremist speech in LLM training data
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Computer Science > Computation and Language
arXiv:2608.14813 (cs)
[Submitted on 14 Aug 2026]
Title:Beyond the pale: Assessing prevalence and contents of extremist speech in LLM training data
View a PDF of the paper titled Beyond the pale: Assessing prevalence and contents of extremist speech in LLM training data, by Dmitry Nikolaev and 1 other authors
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Abstract:Despite a strong interest on the part of the research community in the topic of trustworthy and safe AI, the composition of the text corpora that large language models (LLMs) encounter in pre- and post-training has not yet drawn much attention. In this work, we address the question of whether LLMs are exposed to unfiltered, uncontextualised extremist speech. Using several definitions of extremist speech, stemming from official documents and research literature, and an extraction pipeline combining automated text processing with expert verification, we provide a lower bound on the prevalence of extremist documents in Dolma, an open training corpus underpinning the OLMo series of models. We show that Dolma is likely to include hundreds of thousands of documents containing extremist content and hate speech of several types, including direct calls for violence, and discuss the implications of this for data curation and model pre-training.
| Comments: | Accepted to the CPSS workshop @ KONVENS 2026 |
| Subjects: | Computation and Language (cs.CL) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2608.14813 [cs.CL] |
| (or arXiv:2608.14813v1 [cs.CL] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.14813
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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View a PDF of the paper titled Beyond the pale: Assessing prevalence and contents of extremist speech in LLM training data, by Dmitry Nikolaev and 1 other authors
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