Brain-to-Language Decoding: Tasks, Signals, Methods, Evaluation, Practical Use and Beyond
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Computer Science > Computation and Language
arXiv:2609.27650 (cs)
[Submitted on 23 Sep 2026]
Title:Brain-to-Language Decoding: Tasks, Signals, Methods, Evaluation, Practical Use and Beyond
View a PDF of the paper titled Brain-to-Language Decoding: Tasks, Signals, Methods, Evaluation, Practical Use and Beyond, by Yiqian Yang and 6 other authors
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Abstract:Brain-to-language decoding translates neural activity associated with language production, internal speech and perception into linguistic or expressive outputs. It offers a route to restoring communication after speech loss and a means of studying how the brain represents language. Advances in neural recording and representation learning have expanded the field from constrained recognition and acoustic reconstruction to text generation, streaming personalised speech and facial animation. This survey synthesises these developments across invasive and non-invasive measurements, drawing on a search without a lower year limit and source-led updates through September 2026. We connect Articulated, Inner and Perceived tasks to the neural populations they engage, the representations available to decoders and the outputs those representations can support. We examine model development, public resources and the evolution of evaluation, and compare published performance and communication costs within their reported protocols. The synthesis identifies complementary routes to progress: phonetic, acoustic and semantic targets preserve different aspects of a message; shared representations support reuse across recording conditions and tasks; and online communication increasingly depends on calibration, feedback and user control alongside decoding accuracy. Shared benchmarks enable algorithmic comparisons, while longitudinal studies reveal the demands of sustained use. We discuss these developments and their remaining limitations, then outline a prospective five-level trajectory from commands and language to meaning, scenarios and bidirectional cognitive exchange
| Subjects: | Computation and Language (cs.CL); Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC); Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2609.27650 [cs.CL] |
| (or arXiv:2609.27650v1 [cs.CL] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.27650
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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View a PDF of the paper titled Brain-to-Language Decoding: Tasks, Signals, Methods, Evaluation, Practical Use and Beyond, by Yiqian Yang and 6 other authors
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